J. Merx: Dome constructions of the 17th and 18th centuries along the Inn, Salzach, and Danube

The geographical area of present-day Austria is characterised by a large number and variety of preserved dome constructions from the 17th and 18th centuries. These are predominantly double-shell structures with a wooden exterior and a brick interior shell. The complex shape of these structures, their challenging construction process and the co-operation of various crafts in their creation make these domes outstanding examples of Baroque architecture. There are two clear origins to the development of these structures: In Italy, domes had become indispensable elements of the architectural repertoire since the Renaissance, and they were also widely adopted in the rest of Europe. The spatial effect, ground plan design and ornamentation of the domes in Austria is a clear further development of Italian models. The construction of these domes, on the other hand, has strong similarities with classical roof structures in German-speaking countries in terms of their overall structure and the construction of the connections.

Methodologically, the project relies heavily on findings from the preserved substance. The on-site investigation is supplemented by technical surveying methods such as laser scanning and photogrammetry. The resulting point clouds form the basis for further analyses. The challenge here lies in the combination of wooden constructions and vaults, which must be read together yet are each subject to specific methods. For the timber constructions, the measurements form the basis for 3D modelling, in which the connection details and the construction process can be visualized. The vaults are examined using statistical and geometric analyses of the point clouds.

The complexity of the structures makes comprehensive analysis on a broad scale impossible. Instead, particularly typical or outstanding objects are analyzed in depth. These are then contextualized with the help of various comparative objects.

This work expands the understanding of Austrian dome constructions in terms of their development over time and geographical characteristics. The findings enable an appreciation of the constructive achievements and offer new foundations for art and architectural history as well as monument protection.